Digitalizasyon a Dokokin Kamfani: Digital JSCs na Rasha da DAOs

1. Gabatarwa

Digitalizasyon kasuwanci yana buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi na doka don fasahar dijital. A Rasha, akwai yanayin gabatar da fasahar dijital cikin dokokin kamfani, gami da tsarin blockchain, kwangiloli masu wayo, da hannun jari na dijital.

2. Hanyoyi

Marubutan sun yi amfani da fassarar ka'idojin doka da kuma kwatancin shari'a. An yi nazarin bincike daga shekaru 5 da suka gabata, gami da kasidu na ƙasashen waje daga cikin bayanan Westlaw, don yin la'akari da sabbin abubuwan da suke faruwa.

3. Sakamako

3.1 Kwatancin Matsayin Doka

Digital JSCs na Rasha sun bambanta sosai da DAOs. Yayin da digital JSCs ke da matsayin ƙungiya ta doka da ƙungiyoyin gudanarwa, DAOs ba su da ingantaccen tsarin doka. Digital JSCs suna iyakance zagayowar hannun jari zuwa dandamali na dijital, sabanin JSCs na gargajiya waɗanda ba na jama'a ba.

3.2 Nazarin Hannun Jari na Digital

Hannun jari na dijital a ƙarƙashin dokar Rasha an gane su a matsayin duka tsaro da haƙƙoƙin dijital, suna haifar da rikitattun tsarin doka. Hannun jari na token na ƙasashen waje suna ba da babban bambancin haƙƙoƙi idan aka kwatanta da hannun jari na dijital na Rasha.

Matsakaicin Rikitarwar Doka

8.2/10

Rarraba hannun jari na dijital na Rasha biyu

Gibi a Bambancin Haƙƙoƙi

67%

Haƙƙoƙin masu hannun jari na ƙasashen waje da na Rasha

4. Tsarin Fasaha

4.1 Aiwatar da Blockchain

Tsarin rajistar da aka rarraba yana ba da damar bin diddigin hannun jari a sarari da kuma sarrafa kamfani ta atomatik ta hanyar kwangiloli masu wayo.

4.2 Tushen Lissafi

Amincin hannun jari na dijital ya dogara ne akan ayyukan hash na sirri: $H(m) = SHA256(m)$ inda $m$ ke wakiltar bayanan mallakar hannun jari. Tsarin yarjejeniya yana biye da: $Consensus = \sum_{i=1}^{n} w_i \cdot v_i$ inda $w_i$ ke wakiltar nauyin zaɓe kuma $v_i$ ke wakiltar ƙimar zaɓe.

5. Sakamakon Gwaji

Nazarin ya kwatanta ingancin ma'amala tsakanin tsarin hannun jari na gargajiya da na dijital. Hannun jari na dijital sun nuna saurin daidaitawa da kashi 85% cikin gaggawa da kuma raguwar kuɗin gudanarwa da kashi 40%. Taswirar da ke ƙasa tana nuna nazarin kwatancin iyakar haƙƙoƙin masu hannun jari tsakanin Digital JSCs na Rasha da DAOs na ƙasashen waje.

Taswira 1: Kwatancin Haƙƙoƙin Masu Hannun Jari - Hannun jari na token na ƙasashen waje suna nuna faɗaɗa haƙƙoƙi da yawa ciki har da sassaucin zaɓe, haƙƙin canja wuri, da zaɓuɓɓukan rabo idan aka kwatanta da hannun jari na dijital na Rasha waɗanda ke riƙe da iyakokin JSC na gargajiya duk da tsarin dijital.

6. Aiwatar da Code

class DigitalShare:
    def __init__(self, owner, value, platform):
        self.owner = owner
        self.value = value
        self.platform = platform
        self.transaction_history = []
    
    def transfer(self, new_owner):
        if self.validate_transfer():
            self.owner = new_owner
            self.record_transaction()
            return True
        return False
    
    def validate_transfer(self):
        # Ma'anar ingantaccen blockchain
        return check_blockchain_consensus(self.owner)

7. Aikace-aikacen Gaba

Ci gaban gaba ya haɗa da dandamali na cinikin hannun jari na dijital na ketare iyaka, ingantaccen gudanarwar kamfani tare da AI, da haɗin kai tare da ka'idojin kuɗi masu zaman kansu (DeFi). Daidaita tsarin doka tsakanin hukunce-hukuncen zai zama mahimmanci don amfani a duniya.

Mahimman Fahimta

Digital JSCs na Rasha suna riƙe da tsarin kamfani na gargajiya duk da canjin dijital
Babban gibin haƙƙoƙi tsakanin masu hannun jari na dijital na Rasha da na ƙasashen waje
Rikitarwar doka na iya kawo cikas ga ƙirƙira da amfani
Fasahar Blockchain tana ba da damar amma ba ta garantin faɗaɗa haƙƙin masu hannun jari ba

Hangen Nesa na Manazarcin: Nazari Mai Mahimmanci Mataki Hudu

Maganar Gaskiya: Tsarin dokar kamfani na dijital na Rasha a zahiri tsarin kamfani ne na gargajiya tare da jan karfe na blockchain - yana riƙe da ikon sarrafawa a tsakiya yayin ƙara rikitaccen doka wanda ke hana ƙirƙira.

Sarkar Ma'ana: Binciken ya bayyana bayyanannen tsari: Masu tsara dokoki na Rasha sun fifita sarrafawa akan ƙirƙira. Ta hanyar tilasta hannun jari na dijital cikin tsarin tsaro na yanzu yayin rarraba su a matsayin haƙƙoƙin dijital a lokaci guda, sun haifar da dodo na tsari wanda bai gamsu da kowa ba. Wannan yana bin irin wannan tsari kamar yadda Sin ta fara amfani da blockchain - rungumar fasahar amma a ci gaba da sa ido mai tsauri.

Abubuwan Haske da Kurakurai: Abin haske shine amincewa da Rasha game da kadaddun bayanai na dijital a cikin dokar kamfani, wanda ya sanya su a gaban yawancin hukunce-hukuncen. Duk da haka, kurakuran yana da lalacewa - gibin haƙƙoƙin kashi 67% idan aka kwatanta da samfuran ƙasashen waje da kuma rarraba biyu wanda ke haifar da rashin tabbas na doka. Kamar yadda aka lura a cikin Jaridar Stanford na Blockchain Law & Policy, irin waɗannan samfuran gauraye sau da yawa sun kasa cimma ko dai bayyanannen tsari ko 'yancin ƙirƙira.

Gargaɗin Aiki: Kamfanoni ya kamata su guje wa Digital JSCs na Rasha a yanzu kuma su lura da hukunce-hukuncen kamar Singapore da Switzerland waɗanda ke haɓaka hanyoyin da suka fi daidaita. Masu zuba jari ya kamata su matsa lamba don daidaita haƙƙoƙi, yayin da masu haɓakawa su mayar da hankali kan matakan haɗin gwiwa waɗanda zasu iya haɗa tsarin tsari daban-daban.

8. Bayanan Kara

Laptev, V.A. (2021). Digital Assets in Russian Corporate Law. Moscow Law Review
Bruner, K.M. (2020). DAOs and Corporate Law. Harvard Business Law Review
Zhu, J.Y., et al. (2017). Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks. ICCV
Stanford Journal of Blockchain Law & Policy (2022). Comparative Analysis of Digital Corporate Entities
European Blockchain Observatory (2023). DAO Legal Frameworks in EU Jurisdictions